Artemisia (Wormwood) has been used by Chinese herbalists for more than a thousand years in the treatment of many illnesses, such as skin diseases and malaria. The earliest record dates back to 200 BC, in the «Fifty-two Prescriptions» unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs. Its antimalarial application was first described in Zhouhou Beji Fang («The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies»), edited in the middle of the fourth century by Ge Hong. According to one of these recipes, the ancient Chinese used an extract of wormwood to combat malaria. Artemesinin was first isolated in l972, and synthesized in 1983. Chinese scientists have shown artemisinin has significant anticancer effects against human hepatoma cells. that Artemisinin has a peroxide lactone group in its structure. It is thought that when the peroxide comes into contact with high iron concentrations (common in cancerous cells), the molecule becomes unstable and releases reactive oxygen species. It has been shown to reduce angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in some tissue cultures.
